A comprehensive review of an Unani potent drug Bukan Booti (Lippia Nodiflora): An evidence-based approach

Lippia nodiflora (Linn.) Greene, commonly known as frog fruit or Bukan Booti in Unani medicine, is a creeping perennial herb from the Verbenaceae family. This comprehensive review examines the botanical, phytochemical, and pharmacological aspects of this medicinally important plant. Native to tropical and subtropical regions, L. nodiflora is widely distributed across India, particularly in wet habitats along riverbanks and irrigation channels. The plant demonstrates remarkable ecological adaptability, thriving in flood-prone areas while maintaining drought tolerance. Traditional medicine systems, particularly Unani and Ayurveda, have utilized L. nodiflora for treating various ailments, including fever, respiratory disorders, urinary problems, and inflammatory conditions. The plant’s therapeutic properties are attributed to its rich phytochemical profile, containing flavonoids (hispidulin, nepetin, luteolin derivatives), phytosterols (β-sitosterol, stigmasterol), and various bioactive compounds. Modern pharmacological studies have validated many traditional uses, demonstrating significant antimicrobial, antidiabetic, antihypertensive, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, and anticancer activities. Recent research has also explored its potential in nanotechnology applications for the biosynthesis of zinc oxide and silver nanoparticles. This review highlights L. nodiflora’s promising therapeutic potential and its role as a bridge between traditional knowledge and contemporary drug discovery.